Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse In The Lesbian Community...

In every 45 seconds, someone is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any human’s life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that a woman has the right to freely pre-determine her sexuality without oppression and discrimination (Burn, 2004). Traditionally, women throughout history and culture have undertaken the role of independent, non-heterosexual, women-connected existence.†¦show more content†¦Women neither become lesbians due to shortage of men nor because they were abused by men. Lesbians, just like women in heterosexual relationships are subjected to physical, sexual and verbal abuse by their partn ers. Abusive dominating partner may subject the partner to emotional, physical and psychological abuse. The notion that a woman does not possess the strength or aggressiveness possessed by men is wrong and misplaced. Cases of lesbians being abused by their partners have been reported in the United States and other parts of the world including South Africa. Studies on domestic violence have been carried out for decades. In recent years, scholars have been paying attention to domestic violence in the context of non-heterosexual relationships. They have called for intensive research of lesbian intimate partner violence (IPV) and into the experience of lesbian survivors (Walters, 2011). There is a myth regarding lesbian utopia. The myth originated from the idea that societies in which friendships and relationships are void of men are protected from the natural control and power men possess over women in the patriarchal society. This utopian myth has the perception that since lesbian rel ationships are composed of two women, then a kind of default egalitarianism is naturally created. Such a myth encourages the delusion that lesbian communities are more enlightened thanShow MoreRelated Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse1558 Words   |  7 PagesIn every 45 seconds, someone is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any human’s life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that aRead MoreGender, And Sexuality Studies1285 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality Are lesbian more accepted by society than gay men? Acceptance amongst lesbian more so than gay men is one of the few of many discriminating factors that occur amongst the homosexual community. When it comes to homosexuality women has a better chance of being accepted by society than gay men. In most cases lesbians are taken less serious, people do not react to lesbians the same way they react to gay men. Studies have shown that gay men are more victimized by society than lesbians. It does notRead MoreDomestic Violence At Affordable Price Please Use Custom Research Paper1276 Words   |  6 Pagesin-text citations, and a bibliography with 31 sources. Outline I. Introduction II. History III. Types of Abuse A. Physical Violence B. Sexual Violence C. Psychological Violence D. Stalking E. Dating Violence IV. Prevalence of Domestic Violence V. Explaining Domestic Violence A. Cycle of Violence B. Psychopathology C. Perceived Gender Roles VI. Domestic Violence and the GLBT Community VII. Domestic Violence: Myth Versus Fact VIII. 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Gender violence includes all types of violence against men, women, childr en, gay, lesbian, and transgender people. Gender violence may be experienced differently based on the social variables of race, age, gender, social class or anotherRead MoreDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesdomestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domestic setting such as family or intimate relationships. This can occur between man and woman, parent and child, siblings and same sex partners (Flood Fergus, n.d). There are nine different types of violence perpetrated against women. These include physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, verbal, spiritual, cultural, financial and abuse (Violence prevention initiative, 2015). Violence against women can happen anywhere such as inRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse881 Words   |  4 Pagesof domestic abuse against current players. In it, a woman phones the police, forced to pretend to be ordering a pizza in order to not raise suspicion from her abuser, who is in the roo m with her. The creator of the commercial, No More, is an advocacy group that is working to end domestic violence and sexual abuse. On their website, they cite the 2013 Avon Foundation for Women’s NO MORE study, which found that while nearly two thirds of Americans know a victim of domestic or sexual abuse, those twoRead MoreDomestic violence Essay examples7765 Words   |  32 Pagesviolence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic context, such as in marriage or cohabitation. Intimate partner violence is domestic violence against a spouse or other intimate partner. Domestic violence can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships. Domestic violence can take a number of forms including physical, emotional, verbal, economic and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse that results in disfigurementRead MoreHunyango Sa Bato - Abdon Balde Jr.6135 Words   |  25 Pagesalso known as  domestic abuse,à ‚  spousal abuse,  battering,  family violence, and  intimate partner violence (IPV), is defined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an  intimate relationship  such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation.[1]  Domestic violence, so defined, has many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects), or threats thereof;  sexual abuse;  emotional abuse; controlling or domineering;  intimidation;  stalking;Read MoreEssay on Domestic Violence Informative Outline1358 Words   |  6 PagesViolence, Every nine seconds a woman is abused by her husband or intimate partner. At least 1 in every 4 women and 1 in every 9 men have been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in their lifetime. Most often the abuser is one of their own family. Domestic violence is a problem that somehow affects every one of us in this room at some time and is actually the leadi ng cause of injury to women -- more than car accidents, muggings and rapes combined. RELATE TOPIC TO AUDIENCE: As I mentioned, domestic

The Day Walking Into Bangkhram Hospital - 924 Words

The first day walking into Bangkhram hospital, I was unsure what to expect. A rural hospital located in central Thailand, millions of questions ran through my mind: Will the patients be receptive of me? Is this truly the career path I would like to take? These questions ceased as I met patients suffering from chronic mental illnesses, watched newborns receive breathing treatments in the emergency department and a woman who received a pap smear after 22 years of avoiding it. By the end of my time in Thailand, I confirmed my interest in clinical medicine. During the months I have spent in the emeregency department, I have observed amazing cases and witness the dynamic qualities of a physician such as being a critical thinker, showing compassion and expressing empathy. Today’s doctors are more than the, â€Å"know all end all†, as what was suggested in previous decades. They are teacher and a student as knowledge is constantly evolving. As I observed the emergency docto rs’ bedside manners, they were always concerned for the patients best interest which included going â€Å"the extra mile† for their patients’. I admired their dedication and will strive to do the same when I become a physcian. Being able to the handle the fast pace environment of a level one trauma center stemmed from my volunteering at the Health Outreach Quality Improvement Program. Picture this: an old, used RV bus now used as a â€Å"doctor’s† office, a few wooden chairs, and a few medical, premedical, and physician

Reflective Paper for Change and Project Management †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theReflective Paperfor Change and Project Management. Answer: Introduction Student in Work Role I had an opportunity to work for the ABC Company in which I was involved on a project. The experience helped me learn about project life cycle, planning, HR management, and more. In this report, I would be reflecting back on my experience with a major IT organization. The initial days went into observing what the project manager was doing. The project manager was very open to explaining and taking my inputs on anything positively which made me feel like a contributor. After working with him for a couple of projects, I was given a new project. This project was from an existing client and processes were already set. The project manager helped me as a guide. This report would explore two major challenges of project management including strict timelines and lack of leadership. The project taken as a base for learning was a new software development project that was managed by me. My role in the project was to coordinate project activities from start to finish including requirement gathering, planning, execution, project progress monitoring and controlling. The initial days of the project were hectic as I was unable to plan out the resources deployment as per the strict project timelines. Usually the project would take around 3 months to completion, in the particular case; the client wanted us to complete the development of the application within 2 months. He was also willing to pay more for that. However, the resources that were used to working things out in 3 months were to be buckled up to manage this strict timelines. To be able to do that keep the people motivated to work harder, we needed support from top management which was challenging. The company was going to re-structuring and new managers hired were not well informed about internal processes. This had put a burden on me to manage the project within its constraints without asking the management for intervention or provided additional resources. They were in the favour of cost cutting and thus, I had to work with the limitations of human resource ensuring that existing project team was scaling up capacities to meet project deadlines. Module Concepts Business of Projects The module literature says that companies need to compete in the market using its operational capabilities and dynamic capabilities. Operational capabilities can be ability to respond to market needs, effective and efficient use of human resources, and reduction in working capital utilization. To be able to survive, companies need these operational capabilities. The company used resources effectively and restricted their capital expenses to remain profitable. This was rather a survival strategy that could help them succeed on the project(CDC, 2006). However, the projects also require companies to have dynamic capabilities like identification of opportunities and threats that may come in future. The management clearly failed to identify the risks or threats that were associated with the project and that was a major delay in delivery that was caused due to lack of resources. Because of lack of support from top management, the project team was not empowered and most of the staff did not give much respect to the deadlines. At some point, even I was de-motivated and agreed to accept that the project would get delayed(Bright Hub Media, 2015). Defining Project Mission Project mission defines what a project stands for. This includes identification of project purpose, scope and quality standards. A full realization of mission of project is hard because of high levels of uncertainty. Stakeholders also add to challenges by changing their mind during the execution (BIS, 2010). Yet defining project mission is important for the success of the project. It allows a company communicate its strategic intensions that help in establishing control over project. For identification of project mission, soft systems methodology, which involves consideration of different perspectives related to the project, was recommended in the module. However, this appears to be a very systematic process which was actually not practiced in the real case of project that I managed. The mission of the project was rather very simple objective of the project and not a very thought-out statement(Caltrans, 2007). As per the module, the mission can be used for developing the scope of the project such that the scope takes the project in the direction of achieving the missions of the project. In practice, the scope of the project did help in achieving the mission. The mission statement was expanded into the scope(Divurgents, 2014). Designing and Leading Project Organization Next stage is designing of the project organization which involves development of governance frameworks, internal structure, project delivery organization structure, and PMO. The company did not explore developer organization structure but contact details of key people were recorded. The company also did not define any governance structure but used some performance measurement parameters for evaluation of the project progress. The impact of lack of project governance was seen on the project at later stages of development in the product development lifecycle. Lack of project governance meant no integration between the company and developer team and thus there was insufficient involvement of stakeholders. Also, there was a lack of commitment from top management and no strategic alignment was achieved. As the importance of the project was not understood strategically for the company, for the top management, it appeared to be a very small project and thus, they did not give much attentio n to it. This caused delays that disturbed the schedule and escalated the cost of human resource(Morgan Gbedemah, 2010). The project star model identifies four elements of project including structure, processes, incentives against performance, and competencies of people working as the project team. On the mentioned project, the structure of the internal organization was clearly defined as well the processes were identified. However, the team was offered any special incentives for performance. Thus, there was a lack of motivation in team. Only the leadership skills of the project manager were used to keep the spirits of the team high. However, being not so senior a person, I found it difficult to show authority and have control over the people while they caused delays(FME, 2014). Moreover, the project team was decided on the basis of past experience of project. No competency mapping was done considering the current project. The competencies identified included understanding of application development projects. However, the competency on the front of the understanding of the industry was not considered(GDE, n.d.). In a project organization, key roles include: Promoter: He defines the project needs and ensures that they are met. On my project, the client organization was the financer Financier: He provides funds for execution Decision maker: He takes decision to push the project towards completion. My senior project manager was involved in this role. Recruiter: I was involved as a recruiter and thus, mobilized human resources on the project. There was no one involved from top management and thus, I faced difficulties like delays, lack of sufficient skills and less competencies in resources. As per the module assumptions, a project board is usually setup for directing the project. They are involved in risk management, change management, ensuring commitment of resources, ensuring consistency of output with plans, and bringing effectiveness in communication. There was no specific project board that was set on the project managed by me and all these assurances were only managed by me which I found difficult to manage alone. However, my senior had been a very skilled person and had given been guidance every time I needed support to ensure smooth running of the project(InterGlobe , 2008). Managing Threats and Opportunities The module identifies cognitive approach to risk management. Information is used for understanding the risks in better ways to increase confidence over understanding of possibility of risk occurrence. This could be used for identifying threats that could negatively affect deliveries and opportunities that could improve them. Uncertainty could affect the identification of future consequences. With effective strategic planning tools, the future could be clearly visible or alternate futures can be identified. However, in case of ambiguity, determining the future impact of current decisions is difficult(InterGlobe , 2008). The software development project was managed by me. I identified opportunities as well as risks that were most likely to occur. However, there were still many surprises that affected the project at later stages and decisions were to be taken accordingly(KPMG, 2013). cyne?n framework identifies differential natures of causes and effects of such events. A simple nature would have a clear relationship identified. A complicated relationship can be understood by taking expert inputs. Complex relationships are difficult to make predictions difficult. Chaos can cause turbulence. Disorderly processes make it difficult to identify conditions. On the application development project, some relationships were simple while others involved complications. Situations that were simple were managed by me while those showing complicated were discussed with senior project manager. I can use it to identify cause and effect relationships situation(Lacaster University, 2006). The module suggests use of four steps for risk management. These include identification of threats and opportunities, analysis of known knowns, proactive analysis to determine possibilities, and monitoring of activities throughout the project. It also suggested the use of knowledge management and event register for record keeping. On my project, only a risk register was maintained. Opportunities were only initially identified by there was no event recording that could be used for continuous improvement(Masons Thelen Reid LLP, 2006). Reflective Actions: Ideas Insights It was found that despite the project management discipline widely studied and practices, there are many organizations that still do not make use of the best practices of project management. In fact, some of the basic tools, assumptions, principles and practices are ignored while planning or executing projects. For instance, a project governance structure is highly ignored area despite it being the major cause of failure of most projects(Morgan Gbedemah, 2010). Project governance deals with policies, regulatory procedures, functions, processes and responsibilities of managing and controlling projects. Even when governance structure is not identified, the projects still have to manage these. The communication management plan would identify processes and functions of the project. In absence of a regulatory procedure, a standard process of monitoring project progress, comparing it with initial plan and controlling deviation would be used. Governance structure can formalize all processes and help in establishing control over project execution(University of Exeter, 2015). It was also found that the mission is an important part of any project as it helps in proper identification of scope that is aligned with the organizations goal. In case the mission is not established properly, only the technical objectives of projects may be identified but their connection with the strategic objectives of the company cannot be determined. The mission of the project I worked on only defined the wide scope of the project as development of the application ensuring that all functional and quality parameters of the client are met. This statement did not connect with strategic goals. With a well established mission and identification of strategic objectives, senior management involvement could also be improved(UCSC, 2009). To work effectively, a project manager can be involved in following ways: Planning: He can create a sound plan considering the impacts of each planned activity on the probability of the success of the project. Thus, a project manager has to ensure that he has taken into consideration all the important factors while making a plan. A project manager can involve all stakeholders to ensure that the project requirements are clarified in the beginning. The project manager must have good knowledge of internal structures, processes and competencies of people such that resources can be distributed efficiently to get best results(U.S. Department of the Interior , 2012). Controlling: Project manager can play a crucial role in establishing control over the project such that it does not deviated from the plan and at the same time deliver desired results of the project. For this, project manager can identify and establish a project committee or board to establish a governance structure. He may also identify threats and opportunities, establish a procedure for monitoring and define clear responsibilities. Communication and Coordination: He is responsible for managing communication with team members and stakeholders. He has to identify roles, responsibilities, communication needs, and communication channels. Project manager has to use communication procedures for coordinating with people. These people include members of project team and software developer team, project financer, project decision makers and key stakeholders(Time is Ltd, 2015). Some theories given in the module were relevant to project situation in following ways: Project Mission through life cycle: The theory states that the mission of the project must be developed considering the whole life cycle of the project such that organizational assets can be best utilized throughout the project life cycle. This can be useful in formulating that is also strategically aligned with the organizational goals (The University of Manchester, 2009). Soft Systems Thinking: This provides a systematic procedure for thinking about complex issues of projects. This involves exploration of various different perspectives for getting a deeper understanding of the mission as well as project processes. Thus, it can be used for formulating mission statement as well as for designing processes. The Project Star Model: This model identified key elements of a system design including mission, scope, structures, competencies, incentives, and processes. All these areas are important to understand while managing a project. Thus, this model can be used for formalizing requirement gathering stage(TRU, 2011). The Project SLM: This can be used for defining project mission, creating organizational design, understanding risks and uncertainty, and bringing collaboration in the project teams. Using this model, a project manager can establish strategies for reducing uncertainties and brining coordination among teams. Further, an effective organizational structure may be identified for a stronger communication and more efficient management of project(PMI, 2015). Circles of influence and concern: This model can help understand the influences that can affect the project progress. Aim of a project manager is to increase his circle of influence. This model can be useful in establishing strategies for creating a governance as well as control framework such that execution of the project can be made smoother(The University of Manchester, 2009). Key Learning Points Actions My key learning from the reflective exercise was: Project governance helps in ensuring project success Identification of opportunities can help company in positive ways. Commitment from top management is necessary as it can help in ensuring resource commitments as well as establish a control over the processes such that chances of project success can be increased Clear identification of mission that can link the strategic objectives of the company with the project objectives is important. Risks and opportunities records must be updated as the project progresses using appropriate monitoring procedures. Identification of structure of the delivering organization is important and it should be mapped with project organizational structure. Defining specific incentives for the team is important for the team to remain motivated and committed to deadlines. Project board plays a key role providing direction to the project and guidance to the project team as well as aligning project objectives with the strategic goals of the project organization. Thus, it is crucial that organizations identify members of the board and establish a committee(The State of Maryland , 2015). Certain activities may be planned for managing projects in future such as: Establishing of project board and a governance structure Establishing of a process for monitoring and recording events considering both threats and opportunities Defining of a clear mission considering its strategic alignment to business objectives and scope Development of an incentives scheme for the project team before assigning them responsibilities and using the same to keep them motivated towards the achievement of goals and within timelines. Identification of structures of all the organizations linked through the project and mapping of different roles so as to strengthen the communication flow to achieve project success. Getting buy in from the top management by involving them during the planning stage itself and ensuring that their roles are clearly defined (Team FME, 2014). Critical Reflection This reflective exercise helped me identify gaps in current practices. I have understood that the success of project can result from a sound planning. A good plan includes identification of scope, development of governance structures, risk management planning, resource management planning, and opportunity indication. For a project to be successful, acceptance from key stakeholders including top management, employees, project team, suppliers, financer, project board, and project manager is important. I also realized the importance of human resource on projects. Human resource serves as the most important asset of an organization that would help in achieving success on a project. Thus, while managing future projects, I will ensure that the human resource structure is clearly defined, roles and responsibilities are clearly identified and proper governance structure is used(Prosci, 2007). Also, now I can clearly understand the importance of sound communication management practices for the success of project. The reflective study helped me understand how the project manager can use his leadership qualities for managing the project. I have also gained much clarity on different considerations and practices of project management which I would be able to use in future. There were some new tools identified such as event registers, information analytics, and governance structures and so on. I would be able to become a better project manager when equipped with these tools(Pearson, 2000). References Changefirst Limited, 2009. Change and project management , s.l.: ChangeFirst. PM College, 2009. Resource Management and the PMO, Philadelphia, Pa., USA: Project Management Solutions, Inc.. Project Management Solutions, Inc., 2014. The State of the Project Management Office (PMO), USA: PM Solutions. Abbasi, N., Wajid, I., Iqbal, Z. Zafar, F., 2014. Project Failure Case Studies and Suggestion. International Journal of Computer Applications, 86(6), pp. 34-39. BIS, 2010. How to organise, plan and control Projects, s.l.: BIS. Bright Hub Media, 2015. Constructing Powerful Scope Statements. [Online] Available at: https://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/57950-example-and-evaluation-of-project-scope-statements/ Caltrans, 2007. Project Communication Handbook. s.l.:Caltrans. CDC, 2006. CDC Unified Process Practices Guide: Projecct Charter, s.l.: CDC. Divurgents, 2014. Standardizing the PMO will Improve Project Success. [Online] Available at: https://divurgent.com/standardizing-pmo/ [Accessed 05 February 2015]. ExecutiveBrief, 2015. Which Life Cycle is best for your proect?. [Online] Available at: https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/which-life-cycle-is-best-for-your-project.php [Accessed 12 November 2015]. FME, 2014. Project Human Resources Management, s.l.: FME. GDE, n.d. Project Management Methodology Guidelines. [Online] Available at: https://www.chandleraz.gov/content/pm000pmmethodologygde.pdf [Accessed 12 February 2015]. InterGlobe , 2008. What is Project Leadership?, s.l.: InterGlobe Consulting. KPMG, 2013. Preventing Black Swans: Avoiding Major Projct Failure, s.l.: KPMG. Lacaster University, 2006. Case Study of Successful Complex IT Projects, s.l.: The British Computer Society . Masons Thelen Reid LLP, 2006. Managing Payment Risks on International Construction Projects, s.l.: Overseas Construction Association of Japan, Inc.. Metafuse, Inc.;Core Performance Concepts, 2015. Project Scheduling. [Online] Available at: https://www.projectinsight.net/project-management-basics/project-management-schedule Morgan, A. Gbedemah, S., 2010. How Poor Project Governance Causes delays, s.l.: Society of Construction Law. Oracle, 2011. Why Projects Fail: Avoiding the Classic Pitfalls, s.l.: Oracle. PDA, 2007. Project Management: Project Justification and Planning. 1st: Scottish Qualifications Authority . Pearson, 2000. Basic Skills for Project Managers, s.l.: Pearson Education. PMI, 2005. Delivering on Strategy - The Power of Project Portfolio Management, s.l.: Deloitte. PMI, 2015. Capturing the Value of Project Management, s.l.: PMI. Prosci, 2007. Impact of effective change management on project success , s.l.: Prosci. Team FME, 2014. Human Resource Management: Project Skill, s.l.: FME. The State of Maryland , 2015. Project Scope Statement, s.l.: s.n. The University of Manchester, 2009. Strategic Management of projects. s.l.:The University of Manchester. Time is Ltd, 2015. Evaluating a Project. [Online] Available at: https://www.time-is-ltd.co.uk/Management/Promise/PMManual/Evaluating%20a%20Project.htm TRU, 2011. TRU Website Redesign Project Charter, s.l.: Thompson Rivers University . U.S. Department of the Interior , 2012. Project Management Framework, s.l.: U.S. Department of the Interior . UCSC, 2009. Web Function Design Project Charter , s.l.: UCSC. University of Exeter, 2015. C5: Post Project Appraisal and Evaluation. [Online] Available at: https://www.exeter.ac.uk/finance/cpp/appraisal/appraisalandevaluation/

The Enlightenment in the 18th century

It has been argued that if Locke is the idealist of the enlightenment, then Voltaire is the realist. This statement is totally true. Although the works of these two philosophers overlapped, they differed a lot in the ideology of some issues.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Enlightenment in the 18th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both of these people were philosophers during the enlightenment era in Europe which occurred sometime during the eighteenth century. During this era there were movements which were lead by intellectuals who believed that scientific knowledge and information should be incorporated into the human beliefs as an aid of understanding the universe in a better way (Palmer 8). According to the philosophers, people should abandon traditional and religious beliefs and embrace this new idea. Locke was among the enlightenment philosophers in England and used this idea to fight for equal rights for all people in the society. He believed that every man was equal and that no one should be treated in the society. Despite his fight for human rights and equality, he did not advocate for the rights of women and slaves in the society and neither did he believe in democracy (Delaney 18). Through his works people referred to him as an idealist. Idealism is a doctrine that reality is based in the mind of an individual and has a relationship with the mind structure. Idealism relies mainly on the ideas rather than the ideal situation and is related to metaphysics therefore contrasting with materialism and realism (Creatorix.com 2010). Voltaire on the other hand has been referred to as a realist. Realism entails an ideology which acknowledges the object world with reality which people perceive to be true when they are in contact with them (Creatorix.com 2010). In his works and literature Voltaire believed that one did not need to follow traditions or religion to believe in God but rather one needed to have a reason to believe in God. According to him, it was evident in the mind of people that there is a more powerful and intelligent being who is eternal thus one does not need faith to believe in this because it is a fact. He developed mixed reactions to the bible and as a result of the skeptical attitude of his works and ideologies, he was separated from Unitarians and biblical-political writers like Locke (Nosotro 2010). In his book Second Treatise of Government  Locke talks about the various aspects of life and politics. He states that for the proper understanding of the origin of political power, one must understand the origin of mankind in the state of nature (Locke 14). During this period no one had control over the other but each one of them was a judge of what the law required. In this state every individual is equal since they are all born indiscriminately with similar advantages and disadvantages.Advertising Looking for term paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since each individual interpreted the law in his own way, there are instances where one might breach the ideals of another person and even if there was a universal judge his decisions may be biased. This is the point where the state of nature which seemed to be so ideal starts to fail (Locke 15). Although Locke fought for equality, he did not consider the rights of serfs, women and children. As a matter of fact chapter four and sixteen of his book entitled slavery and conquest respectively posed a lot of confusion since the latter advocated for the justification of slavery and the former talked about the rights of conquerors. He was therefore seen by other scholars and intellectuals as being a supporter of the slave trade. Others say that he was a hypocrite since he talked about equality yet he does not consider the rights of the slaves and women. Voltaire idea of realism is brought out i n his book Candide; or the Optimism in which the protagonist, Candide, was always optimistic in his life even thought he faced a series of misfortunes in his life as a result of the evils of the world. He faced prosecutions, murder, earthquakes, tsunamis and death of his loved ones (Voltaire 18). Voltaire uses this method to bring out the evils which people are currently facing in the world. His work is different to that of Locke since he is advocating for a change which will improve the lives of everyone in the society unlike the Locke whose works only focused on a specific group in the community. Voltaire worked hard to bring the light to the people of France and free them from the oppression they were facing. He was against the religion which was being practiced in France at that time especially Orthodox Christianity thus introduced his idea of natural religion. In this religion it is believed that the Lord is the creator of nature which evolved with time and lead to the emergenc e of man. In this respect therefore, man was not created directly by God (Voltaire 21). This is a notion which up to the present moment scientists and pagans believe in. As it is seen the works of Voltaire on were mainly against religion and the fact that religion gave the leaders (kings and emperors) the divine power to rule other people and in return the leaders would protect the church. Through his works people started to demand for democracy, equality and freedom from their leaders. According to people, these factors were necessary values for the development of the society since they will lead to better political systems based on democracy, economic development, capitalism, and religious tolerance (Ayer 44).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Enlightenment in the 18th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Enlightenment in the 21st Century The 21st century needs the concepts of equality and democracy to be embraced so that the world can become a better place to live in. This is because we need to filter the negative effects of the twentieth century that were diminishing these concepts. That is why we need to apply the ideas of John Locke who preached for human equality and embracing of the scientific knowledge. Although the world people may think that there is equality in the world, traces of oppression are still present in some parts of the world. People are still being discriminated on the grounds of skin color, race, ethnicity, gender and religion. Societies have become enlightened over the years especially the African states in the 21st century. Most of the African states were colonies of European countries but gained their independence in the second half of the twentieth century. However the leaders who took power became dictators and took over all power and control of the state. This has lead to civil wars in many African states over the years. Sudan for example, has been in war for the last couple of decades. The country has been divided into two, the northern part composed of Muslims and the southern part composed of Christians. This division came about as a result of political and religious difference between the people of the north and the south. Development is mainly found in the north with the southern people being oppressed. The people of the south therefore had been fighting for the country to be divided into two different states so that they can enjoy their rights and freedom as a sovereign state. In January 2011 the people of Southern Sudan held a referendum which if passed will lead to the division of the country into two different states. The referendum was passed as majority of the people voted in favor of the proposed constitution (Tehrant Times 2011). They now have a chance of having a country which will give them absolute rights and freedom, something which they have been dreaming of for a long time. Conclusion Locke and Voltaire wor ks in philosophy have changed the perspective of life in many different ways. Before their works, many people who were oppressed did not know about their rights. Now, thanks to their works many people have realized that they need their freedom so that they can exercise their rights. In the 18th and 19th century, slave trade was abolished and most colonies got their independence like in America and France (where the monarch was overthrown).Advertising Looking for term paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From there people have also been fighting for equality and human rights in the society. At the present moment, women and the gay community all across the globe are fighting for their rights and equality in the society. This struggle will continue even in the future all as a result of the enlightenment. Works Cited Ayer, Johnson. Voltaire. New York City: Random House, 1986. Creatorix.com. Glossary. Creatorix.com. Web. Delaney, Tim. The March of Unreason: Science, Democracy, and the New  Fundamentalism. New York:Oxford University Press, 2005. Locke, John. Second Treatise of Government. Ed. Richard Cox. Maryland :Davidson, 1982. Nosotro, Rit. Locke and Voltaire-A Tale of Two Exiles. Hyperhistory.net. Web. Palmer, Robert. The Age of the Democratic Revolution. Surrey, England :Ashgate, 1964. Tehrant Times. Sudan Referendum Ends Peacefully. Tehran Times. Web. Voltaire, Francois. Candide; or the Optimism. Ed. John Butt. Riverside :Penguin Books:, 1950. This term paper on The Enlightenment in the 18th century was written and submitted by user Saniya V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

To Essay or Not to Essay

To Essay or Not to Essay About the sites If you’re one of many who haven’t heard of essay writing sites, at their core they’re content mills for students but with the ethics of desperate writers and lazy students thrown out the window. iWriteEssays.com offers to write high school and college papers, admissions, dissertations and theses. They charge students between $12.50 to $48/page, depending on the student’s deadline and type of piece. On the high end, they claim being able to provide a paper in eight hours at the right price. â€Å"We can write anything from high school to PhD  level.† says Brandon S., a member of the iWriteEssayssupport team. What does this mean for writers? â€Å"Writers receive compensation based on the number of pages they write,† he says, noting that some websites have a set rate and others will pay based on the demand for that particular paper.   A quick search unearths hundreds of these sites. Essaywriters.netpromises writers their best efforts towards â€Å"making your freelance writing jobs easy, efficient (and) highly paid.† Another, EssayShark.com, allows writers to set their own pay for the order. StudyBay.com claims an average rate of $120 offered Posing as a student, I asked Brandon S. if an essay I ordered through an essay site could get thrown out. â€Å"Yes,† he admitted. â€Å"Presenting someone else’s work as your own is a form of plagiarism.† Then I asked: â€Å"Have you ever had trouble?† He replied, â€Å"No. Our services are confidential. There is no way for professors and teachers to tell that the essays are written Good to know they’re aware of this themselves, then . . . An author’s perspective â€Å"One word: Unethical,† says Ruth E. Thaler-Carter, a member of Editors Association of Earth . Sarah Varnam, the owner of a Toronto-based content creation and editing company, agrees. â€Å"Sites that provide restructuring of arguments, or even worse, complete re-writes or essays for money are, indeed, highly unethical. Not only are you putting your professional image at risk, as plagiarism is a serious offense, but the student is defying the purpose of higher education. She’s been contacted For legitimate copyediting jobs for students, author Ryan Dunlop suggests talking to professors and thesis advisers to find out what’s allowed – or not. Has a student really earned their degree if the work isn’t theirs? Before saying yes to writing for an essay-writing site, consider how you would feel if the doctor about to operate on you passed on a thesis written

JEFFERSON Surname Meaning and Origin

JEFFERSON Surname Meaning and Origin Jefferson is a patronymic surname meaning son of Jeffrey, Jeffers, or Jeff. Jeffrey is a variant of Geoffrey, meaning peaceful place, from gawia, meaning territory and frid, meaning peace.  Geoffrey is also a possible variant of the Norman personal name  Godfrey, meaning Gods peace or peaceful ruler. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: JEFFERS, JEFFERIES, JEFFRYS Where in the World is the JEFFERSON Surname Found? The Jefferson  surname is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 662nd most common surname in the nation, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. It is most common in the Cayman Islands, where it ranks 133rd, and is also fairly common in England, Haiti, Brazil, Northern Ireland, Jamaica, Grenada, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands. According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, the Jefferson surname is most popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia, followed by the states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Delaware, South Carolina, Virginia and Arkansas. Within the United Kingdom, Jefferson is found primarily in Northern England and the southern border regions of Scotland, with the greatest numbers living in the Redcar and Cleveland district where the surname originated, and in surrounding counties such as North Yorkshire, Durham, Cumbria, and Northumberland in England, and Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Famous People with the Last Name JEFFERSON Thomas Jefferson - 3rd president of the United States and author of the Declaration of IndependenceBlind Lemon Jefferson -  American blues guitarist,  singer and songwriterGeoffrey Jefferson -  British neurologist and pioneering neurosurgeonArthur Stanley Jefferson - English comic actorEddie Jefferson -  celebrated American jazz  vocalist and lyricistFrancis Arthur Jefferson -  English recipient of the Victoria Cross Genealogy Resources for the Surname JEFFERSON Jefferson DNA ProjectA group of people whove tested their Y-DNA through Family Tree DNA in an effort to use DNA plus traditional genealogical research to match up various Jefferson lineages. Ancestry of Thomas JeffersonA discussion of the ancestry of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, from the website of his family home, Monticello. Jeffersons BloodA discussion of the DNA evidence that supports the theory that  Thomas Jefferson fathered at least one of Sally Hemingss children, and quite probably all six.   Jefferson Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Jefferson  family crest or coat of arms for the Jefferson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. JEFFERSON Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Jefferson  ancestors, or post your own Jefferson query. FamilySearch - JEFFERSON GenealogyExplore over 600,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jefferson  surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. JEFFERSON  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Jefferson surname.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.    Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

JEFFERSON Surname Meaning and Origin

JEFFERSON Surname Meaning and Origin Jefferson is a patronymic surname meaning son of Jeffrey, Jeffers, or Jeff. Jeffrey is a variant of Geoffrey, meaning peaceful place, from gawia, meaning territory and frid, meaning peace.  Geoffrey is also a possible variant of the Norman personal name  Godfrey, meaning Gods peace or peaceful ruler. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: JEFFERS, JEFFERIES, JEFFRYS Where in the World is the JEFFERSON Surname Found? The Jefferson  surname is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 662nd most common surname in the nation, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. It is most common in the Cayman Islands, where it ranks 133rd, and is also fairly common in England, Haiti, Brazil, Northern Ireland, Jamaica, Grenada, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands. According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, the Jefferson surname is most popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia, followed by the states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Delaware, South Carolina, Virginia and Arkansas. Within the United Kingdom, Jefferson is found primarily in Northern England and the southern border regions of Scotland, with the greatest numbers living in the Redcar and Cleveland district where the surname originated, and in surrounding counties such as North Yorkshire, Durham, Cumbria, and Northumberland in England, and Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Famous People with the Last Name JEFFERSON Thomas Jefferson - 3rd president of the United States and author of the Declaration of IndependenceBlind Lemon Jefferson -  American blues guitarist,  singer and songwriterGeoffrey Jefferson -  British neurologist and pioneering neurosurgeonArthur Stanley Jefferson - English comic actorEddie Jefferson -  celebrated American jazz  vocalist and lyricistFrancis Arthur Jefferson -  English recipient of the Victoria Cross Genealogy Resources for the Surname JEFFERSON Jefferson DNA ProjectA group of people whove tested their Y-DNA through Family Tree DNA in an effort to use DNA plus traditional genealogical research to match up various Jefferson lineages. Ancestry of Thomas JeffersonA discussion of the ancestry of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, from the website of his family home, Monticello. Jeffersons BloodA discussion of the DNA evidence that supports the theory that  Thomas Jefferson fathered at least one of Sally Hemingss children, and quite probably all six.   Jefferson Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Jefferson  family crest or coat of arms for the Jefferson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. JEFFERSON Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Jefferson  ancestors, or post your own Jefferson query. FamilySearch - JEFFERSON GenealogyExplore over 600,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jefferson  surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. JEFFERSON  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Jefferson surname.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.    Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Understanding the concepts of realized return of the stock, systematic Assignment

Understanding the concepts of realized return of the stock, systematic and unsystematic risk, risk of the portfolio, beta, WACC - Assignment Example Thus the total realized value of the stock is the summation of the realized value of the different assets. Segregating the different factors or components of a stock’s realized return it can be seen that such return is constituted essentially by three main blocks. The first factor reflects the total return that is expected of the stock. Second factor hints on the different economic changes that are taking place in the external world and the effect of such changes on the position of the stock. The third factor endeavors to figure out alterations in the external climate, which tend to render some unique effects on the firm’s stock position. Understanding of the components of realized return of a stock is essential for different stocks tend to reflect different types of sensitivity depending on the various factors. Further through the understanding of the firm’s stock position it becomes easy to infer on the stability position of the firm. (Brigham & Daves, 2009, p. 97; What is a Realized Return?, n.d.). Q.2. Contrast systematic and unsystematic risk A.2. The concept of systematic risks hints at the evolution of risks, which happen not by the occurrence of chance events. These risks rather happen due to the simultaneous occurrence of events, which do not rely on chances. Thus systematic risks are generally undiversified in nature. They can be easily correlated to the occurrence of certain external events. Examples of systematic risks entail changes in the state of economic conditions, which brings in abrupt losses for the economy as a whole. Hence a tight regulation brought about by the monetary organizations causes the rise in the rates of interest for financial concerns. However because of the correlated happenings of these risks due to changes in the economic conditions these risks become simultaneous in nature. Thus it becomes difficult to render insurance schemes covering such risks for these risks go on occurring spontaneously with economic changes. On the other hand the happen ing of unsystematic risks is related to the occurrence of events, which generally take place owing to chance factors. Risks emanating out of chance events cannot be correlated to the occurrences of the events, which are probable, by nature. For example the outbreak of fire in a complex is simply a probabilistic event and depends highly on chance factors. Thus any amount of expected economic loss amounting from such counters an unsystematic risk and can be insured beforehand (Condamin, Louisot, & Naim, p.4). Further the due to certainty measures the amount of systematic risks can be rendered for explanations and also can be easily modeled. On the contrary, the unsystematic risks for the uncertainty factor adhered to it fails to be modeled. (Los, 2001, p.114) Q.3. Explain why the total risk of a portfolio is not simply equal to the weighted average of the risks of the securities in the portfolio. A.3. The total risk of a portfolio is computed based on the variance or standard deviatio n of the different returns emanating out of the different assets of the portfolio. However the variance computed does not depend on the weighted average of the different range of returns amounting from the employment of different assets. Rather the computation of the total risk of the portfolio is done based on the factor of correlation of each asset to other assets employed such. Thus if two assets constitute a certain portfolio then the

The Jungle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Jungle - Essay Example causes Jurgis to lead a life of begging and crime, illustrating how it is the system’s willing abuse of the ‘common man’ that creates the problems of the criminal lower class while the upper class becomes just as criminal in working to abuse the system for their own welfare. The concept of socialism is first introduced as Ona and Jurgis are planning their wedding feast and grows to become one of the central themes of the book. It is Grandmother Majauzskiene who first mentions the word â€Å"Socialist† to Jurgis. She describes the capitalist system: â€Å"It was easy to bring them, for wages were really much higher, and it was only when it was too late that the poor people found out that everything else was higher too. They were like rats in a trap, that was the truth† (95). It would seem clear that whatever she defines herself as would be the opposite of the system in place. Just before she introduces the word socialism, though, a suggestion of what it might mean is offered, â€Å"By and by they would have their revenge, though, for the thing was getting beyond human endurance, and the people would rise and murder the packers† (95). This seems to suggest something violent and destructive, which frightens the simple man. Jurgis learns more about socialism through Bush Harper. Harper characterizes socialists as people who â€Å"could not be bought, and would not combine or make any sort of a ‘dicker’† (384). Later, Jurgis suddenly finds himself at the center of a Socialist rally and, more surprisingly, becoming caught up in the words that are said. As the speaker denounces the capitalist system, which has already been battered brutally throughout the novel, the ideas of Socialism are brought forward. The way that Sinclair presents them makes them seem not nearly as frightening as the ideas of Communism have been to the modern reader. He talks about how the Socialists would give more power to the people, would provide them would good food, clothing

The Early Days of the Mormons Essay Example for Free

The Early Days of the Mormons Essay In the early days of the Mormon Church, founded by Joseph Smith between 1820 and 1830, periods of strife and tension would follow the early members of the church around the entire United States. Beginning in the East, Joseph Smith would find it difficult to find a safe haven for the organization and headquartering of the Church of Christ. Beginning in Fayette, New York in 1830, Smiths mission was to continue the original Church of Jesus Christ that was no longer on Earth. In 1823, Smith would claim that an angel directed him to a buried book written on golden plates containing the religious history of an ancient people. The Book of Mormon would be the religious texts published as the interpretation of those plates and would be the guiding principles of the Mormon faith. His beliefs that God and Jesus were both once men on Earth before becoming enthroned in the heavens would later become the basis for much of the insults against the Mormons throughout the early years of the church (Abanes, 2002). In the churchs early days of 1830, the Church of Christ would begin to grow and expand through missionaries sent westward to preach the gospel to the settlers. In Ohio, the church would prosper through the work of the missionaries there. As the church expanded into Jackson County, Missouri, settlers in the area became alarmed at the rapid influx of Mormons into the area. This led up to vicious attacks on the Mormons, and the expulsion of the Mormons from Missouri. Following he attacks and the expulsion of the Mormons from Missouri, Joseph Smith would lead the church members to found a new settlement in Nauvoo, Illinois. Tensions would eventually boil over and Joseph Smith along with his brother Hyrum would be killed by a mob near Carthage, Illinois in 1844 (Baugh, 2000). Brigham Young would emerge as the leader of the later known Latter Day Saints and he would go on to lead these pioneers to the Utah Territory. A provincial government under Young would be established in the Utah Territory. The 1800s in America were a time of rapid westward expansion across North America. Accompanied with this expansion, the American government would be undergoing intense battles between political parties. The lands encompassing the Utah Territory would fall under U.S. control following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The territory settled by Young and the Mormon pioneers would come under control of the U.S. by petition for entry into the Union by Young and his charges. Salt Lake City would become the center of the new State of Utah upon its acceptance into the United States. The Mormons were some of the very first pioneers to travel westward and ultimately founded many of the camps, settlements, and cities along the trails moving west from the Mississippi River. Aside from Salt Lake City, the Mormons founded more than 350 communities, from Idaho to Mexico and west to California. These provinces made travel west extremely convenient for pioneers to come. Mormons were also able to form strong bonds with Native Americans. Their efforts proved monumental to the (short-lived) friendship between Whites and Indians (Abanes, 2002). The Mormons were the dominant group in the Great Salt Lake basin. Discoveries of silver, gold, and other valuable resources would lead to many non-Mormons migrating to the area in order to exploit these resources. Due to the nature of the Mormons religious beliefs, the outright dominance of the group in the area would ultimately slow the admission of the group into the Union as the State of Utah for 46 years. Acceptance of the Mormons way of life as a certainty by the federal government would also lend credibility to that way of life, allowing the Mormons to continue to thrive in their new home and expand to other parts of the country. Throughout the turbulent times of the mid to late 1800s, the Mormons underwent many hardships and persecutions by other settlers of the times that were fearful of their belief systems and lifestyles. Under the government of the day, the Mormons contributions would be extremely helpful in the settlement of the Western United States. To this day, the large Mormon population of Utah and the Southwest United States has continued to make numerous contributions to American society and serve under many different administrations of the government. References Abanes, R., One Nation Under Gods: A History of the Mormon Church (Salt Lake City: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2002), 127. Baugh, A. L., A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri, (BYU Studies, 2000), 82-83. Howe, D.W., _What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America 1815-1848,_ (2007) pp 705-6

Nobody Ever Dies :: Essays Papers

Nobody Ever Dies â€Å"The Complete Short Stories of Earnest Hemingway† contains many kinds of stories, with themes ranging from the comic to the serious and the macabre, among which â€Å"Nobody Ever Dies† is my favorite one. The story is about a young man named Enrique, who had been away at war for 15 months. His comrades-in-arms secretly sent him back to a house, without knowing it was being watched. Enrique was all the time listening. Someone was trying the two doors. Keeping himself out of sight, Enrique carefully looked around the house. There was no one but a Negro walking along the sidewalk. When the dark came, the Negro was still there. Suddenly, a siren on the radio from the next house gave him a false alarm. Soon afterwards, two stones fell on the tiling floor of the porch one after the other. Enrique went downstairs to the back door. The one outside gave the password correctly, and Enrique opened the door. It was his girlfriend Maria. She had waited until it was dark to come to send him food. Enrique shut the door again. They went up to the porch and looked out. The Negro was gone. Maria learned from Enrique that many soldiers had died, including Vicente, her only brother and the flower of their party. She couldn’t accept it. Enrique finished his meal and talked about the lessons he had learned from the war and his attitude toward his companions’ sacrifice. But she said he talked like a book with a dry heart. Enrique was hurt and showed her the severe wound on his lower back. She cried. Enrique suggested their leaving the house immediately. Just then, two real sirens came both ways up the street. Enrique ordered Maria to leave at once, but she insisted he should go first. Finally, they ran out of the back door and took two ways, diving into the weeds surrounding the lot and crawling. Enrique was almost to the edge of the lot now and must make a dash across the road. But as he started to run, the searchlight caught him, which was from the police car that had come silently, without siren, and posted itself at one back corner of the lot. Enrique fell to the gun from the car.

Foxconn Case Study

Vietnam Value system chosen: â€Å"Achievement Disease In Education† 1. In any country, education plays a very important role to promote the development of all economics and society. However, with methods of education for so long which do not fit the requirements of the new era, Vietnam education is producing passive â€Å"people† who is good at theory but bad at practice. Students and even teachers nowadays are always under a great deal of pressure from the so-called â€Å"Achievement ease†.Vietnamese obsession of having any type of â€Å"achievement† creates a negative effect in education. While students are having pressure of getting good grades In order to fulfill their parents' will, teachers also have to make sure all of their students receive good marks to meet the school's decided achievement. This might sound obvious, however there are students who are good at math but not good In science, who loves study and who don't. As a result, academic disho nesty Like cheating exam Is likely to be occur frequently these days.My attempt In this paper s to contribute my voice to acknowledge and make people understand more about this fact in education in Vietnam as well as giving suggestion to eliminate this situation. 2. The definition of â€Å"Achievement Disease†: â€Å"Achievement† simply is an accomplishment in whatever goals you've set for yourself, not necessarily earning a lot of money. Achievement is doing what you want to do within the bounds of the law. It Is the pursuit of dreams. It is liberty from the chains of fear and unbelief.It Is recognition of what makes you unique and what you have to offer others. It Is the realization, the substance, and the tangibly of a dream fulfilled. Thus, we can understand that â€Å"Achievement Disease in education† is a type of disease which people try seeking to pursues achievements at any cost even with doing dishonesty or unethical behavior. Regarding the above explan ation, taking efforts to pursue achievements of an individual or a group is a good moral character. It should be commend and encourage to every people.Just imagine a country in which every member takes efforts to achieve higher performance on the fields of activities: sports, arts, education, manufacturing, trade, technology and so on for his/her on sake and for the whole community. The country Is certainly wealthy and prosperous In Its economy as well as society. However, when these efforts to achieve a good and necessary qualities of each which causes the system to be corrupted. To simplify the definition of this term, let's just think of the basic differences between â€Å"original achievements† with â€Å"Achievement Disease† is the different between genuine goods and counterfeiting goods.And the key factor that makes the difference is the existed or non-existed of onsets. 3. According to Murray (1938), he considered that need for achievements as one of the basic h uman needs. 4. Degree Appreciation is a serious issue in Vietnam Society nowadays. In fact, the psychology of degree appreciation is essential and remains harmless if it goes with a proper certification mechanism, which reflects one's capability through the degree. Japan is considered to be the most succeeded country in pursuing degree appreciation. Here, the employee assessment relies heavily on their degree which trigger a strong competition in the society.People are urging to receive alluvial degrees to ensure their premise for success. However, this is a totally different story in Vietnam. In a lot of cases, the degrees are not associated with actual capacity of the owners. In Vietnam, most people think that the best way to pursue successful in life is to obtain good university degree. This seems to be a huge burden creates by parents and the society, which forces the children to try their best to fulfill their parents. Unfortunately, many young people who do not pass this press ure fell into fear and depression feeling, even leads to suicide.It is a painful truth seeing many students duty 12 hours a day, 7 days a week for the periodical achievements which are mostly useless in the future. Currently, every Vietnamese family and person has a desire that they themselves or family members could achieve a university degree. This is actually one type of â€Å"achievement disease† which leads to the fact of redundant in teachers but shortage in workers and the more dangerous disease of â€Å"actual degree but simulated man†. In a society where people only appreciate educational degree but underestimate the real ability of individuals may leads to severe consequences on the society:In Vietnam, we could easily find information regarding the evils of degree buying, point selling, academic degree selling, etc†¦. Due to the fact that high positions always go along with better degree, in many cases a person is promoted in a higher position but he doe sn't meet the position degree criteria. As a result, he must buy a good degree to fulfill the promotion requirements or to keep the existing position. Therefore in Vietnamese language we have a phrase called: â€Å"Paper P. H. D or Paper Master† that implies people who use their money to buy fake certificates or degrees.Not until recently does the story about the fake degrees and certificates appears, it has been existed for many years since the beginning of â€Å"Doi Mom† policy. People always desire to have a position in the society. However at â€Å"old age, exhausted intelligence†, most people do not have enough time to study properly to obtain Due to the degree appreciation that has been rooted in most family, from kindergarten period till high school, parents always try to have their children study in granted schools and selected classes or extra study so that their children could be bled to pass universities entrance examinations.As a result, some of so-c alled â€Å"granted school† is always overloaded and ran out of vacancy. However, in order to send their children to those schools and arrange at the best class, parents are often willing to â€Å"bribe† teachers. However, we cannot blame the parents because they are just the victims of the degree requirements society. The situation is that those who have more degrees or higher qualifiers will be preferable than those have less. They do not test the real capability of the individuals but rather seeing if the individual acts all the degree criteria or not.One other impact of â€Å"Achievement Disease† is that young people nowadays tends to choose the major which help them obtain money and promotion after graduation or easy to study. At the same time, they turn their back on the society and humanity major, agriculture†¦ It is said that the reason why young people turn their back on the social sciences and humanities is the bad impression from the high school education. There is an implicit distinction between main and minor subjects. Math, physics, chemistry, foreign languages are always carefully taught by the teachers.Meanwhile, other subjects such as literature, history, geography seems to be taught briefly since teachers do not really care about what student acquired during the course. On the other hand, many students consider not taking priority learning social subjects since they find it harder to find Job and receive low payment. A lot of students say that the graduate from social sciences could only find Job in government companies where they have to work within the framework like a robot rather than creation.Other reason is that the massive expansion of banking and business companies rates a lot of Job opportunities with high salaries attracts many students and so that most of them choose economic majors. As a chain effect, students always choose economics to study as a secure decision and ignore their true passion and hobby. A lso, since in Vietnam society students of economics are likely to be more appreciated and respected rather than study social science or humanity. The â€Å"Achievement Disease† also appears to be happened at school.For example, in most schools, the most concerns are how to help the student study well and the ratio of graduated students. At the beginning of each year, most schools have to assign a goal setting towards the ratio of graduate student. If at the end school doesn't make its own criteria, it will hurt its reputation which might result in fewer investments from higher levels. As the solution, in a lot of schools, teachers are assigned to change the students score in order to meet the school's standard. This creates a significantly negative effect to the education sector and causes it to be more and more corrupted. , Remedies to this situation: should be a coordination and agreement between every management levels to repose a suitable solution. Examination and quality evaluation must be implemented seriously. The education sector needs to have a long term strategy for the radical solution, synchronize but not hasty and impatient. We have to stay consistency to our goal but the methods have to be very flexible and capable of changes when needed. Currently, we need to strengthen the inspection of examination, giving strictly sanctions to the individual or group of people who deliberately try to violate the rules.On the mean time government should focusing ore on providing extra education to teachers so that they can cope up with model teaching methods, increasing investment in infrastructures and facilities to schools. Once the quality of education is fundamentally improved, â€Å"Achievement Disease† will eventually be eliminated. At the same time, we have to promote, encourages motivate teachers and education managers striving to overcome the outdated, inertia of the old education systems. This will be a long process of striven for educat ion sector in particular and society as a whole.In addition, we should prevent the phenomenon of achieving† unrealistic goals, ratio which causes students as well as schools to dishonestly produce a fake result in study. Meanwhile, all upper levels agencies should not put â€Å"Achievement† pressure on an area which has low-graduate rates but rather confront other real result, analyses to find out the main causes as well as delivering proper solutions to the situation. At the same time. Reforming the student assessment methods, since the current system measures success on the basis of completion of a particular grade but fails to measure students' capacity.More appropriate assessment methods could identify a child's problems in a timely manner allowing for pragmatic adjustment. As we have already discussed, obsession of obtaining degrees and qualifications is also a main cause of â€Å"Academic Achievement Disease†. Therefore, companies should not only based on o ne's qualifications but also evaluate carefully one's real capability through giving tasks and observe the final results. In order to accomplish this, in all industry, individual capability assessment needs to be changed so that there will be no more â€Å"Paper P. HP' or â€Å"Paper Master† and so on.

Marketing Management of Ocean Park Essay

Brief Description of Ocean Park Hong Kong Ocean Park Hong Kong is one of the most popular theme parks in the world. It was officially opened on January 10th 1977 by the governor of Hong Kong and was funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club on July 1st 1987, with a Government-appointed Board. It constitutes of marine mammal, oceanarium, animal and amusement as a theme park, located in Wong Chuk Hang and Nam Long Shan in the Southern District of Hong Kong. Reason for Choosing Ocean Park Hong Kong Ocean Park Hong Kong ruled the local amusement park landscape alone. In 2005, Hong Kong Disneyland had arrived and busted out the Park from its near 30-year comfort zone. However, Ocean Park has secured the prestigious 2012 Applause Award, which was the first in Asia to be rewarded. The reason for choosing Ocean Park Hong Kong is thus to study how effectively the marketing strategies are used in the Park against its main competitor, Hong Kong Disneyland. SWOT Analysis A Strength of Ocean Park Hong Kong is the numerous attractions with different levels of amusements ranging from roller coasters to aquariums. Another one is the five major annual events throughout the year: a varying Animal in High Definition Month, the Ocean Park Summer Splash, the Halloween Bash, Christmas and Chinese New Year celebrations. Yet, the most obvious weakness is the several incidents happened in the past five years. Panda attacking a feeder, dying of Chinese sturgeons and sudden pause of attractions – all these had surprised the public’s confidence to the park. In terms of opportunity, there is a proposed MTR station on the east of South Island Line for Ocean. Park Hong Kong. The station would help attract more customers for the Park because it will be easier and more convenient to visit. The major threat is from the future development plan of Hong Kong Disneyland, which is expected to build more themed areas, rides and hotels in the coming decade to match the increasing needs. There will be keen competition between Ocean Park Hong Kong and Disneyland after such an expansion. Marketing Objectives Since Ocean Park Hong Kong aims to become a leader among the theme park industry, its marketing objective is to strive for a place in the top ten of the total number of visitors of the Global Attractions Attendance report by AECOM within two years. Moreover, the Park hopes to increase its profit by at least 20% within two years due to the huge amount of visitors every year. Last, due to the accidents happened in recent years, customers’ satisfaction towards Ocean Park Hong Kong has been damaged. To increase customer retention and satisfaction, the Park should make an effort to ensure there will be no accident in the coming two years Reference list 1 / 2 Rubin, J. (2013). Global attendence attractions report. Retrieved from http://www. aecom. com/deploy edfiles/Internet/Capabilities/Economics/_documents/ThemeMuseumIndex_2013. pdf (2014). Vision and Mission. Retrieved from http://www. oceanpark. com. hk/html/en/footer/corporate-information/vision. html (2014). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www. oceanpark. com. hk/doc/common/footer/ar/ophk_ar12-13. pdf Ocean Park, Hong Kong. (n.d. ). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 7, 2014 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ocean_Park_Hong_Kong Pelle, J. (2012). Liseberg – The Applause Award. Retrieved October 5, 2014 from http://liseberg. com/en/home/Entertainment/Awards1/ Nip, A. (2014). â€Å"Annual tourists to Hong Kong could rise to 70 million in three years, commission says†,SCMP,17 January from http://www. scmp. com/news/hong-kong/article/1407779/visitor- numbers-can-rise-70m-three-years-commission-says? page=all POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).   

The Thriving Tourism Industry in Egypt essays

The Thriving Tourism Industry in Egypt essays Egypt is a country that is extremely rich in its historical background. With such a background it is easy to see why tourism is a big component of its gross national product. The well being of the Egyptian economy is highly dependent on a good year of tourism. The whole business of tourism has relied on the ancient monuments and relics of the past, but in recent years there has been a huge effort to create more modern tourist attractions like resorts and golf courses. The combinations of the old and new attractions comprise the biggest sector of the Egyptian economy. For the most part, it is said that Egypt consists basically of six different tourist sites. Three of the sites; Alexandria, Hurghada, and Sharm El Sheikh are coastal hotspots. They consist of many of the newer resorts offering many activities to its guests like water sports, casinos, nightclubs, and golf courses. These three sites would be considered the more modern sites. The other three sites; Aswan, Cairo, and Luxor are the more historical tourist sites. Although Aswan doesn't hold that many historical monuments, the other two, Cairo and Luxor, are overflowing with them. These sites are highly geared towards the tourist and offer a wide variety of transportation and guided tours (Egypt Ministry). Within a few of these sites are contained some of the most awe-inspiring and ancient monuments known to man. Now when you first hear the word Egypt, you directly focus your attention to the Great Pyramids of Giza. It is easily one of Egypt's most visited monuments and one of the world' s largest tourist attractions. The ancient Greeks considered the pyramids to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Another one of the great monuments to come out of ancient Egyptian society is the Sphinx. One of the greatest things about the Sphinx is that the purpose of it is still unknown and highly debated on. The Sphinx is known in Arabic as Abu El Hol, which means "Father of Terror"...

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay The Reader as Critic: Writing a Reader-Response Essay Reading, for many, is a visceral response to words on a page. When viewing from the critical lens of reader-response theory, meaning is extracted through reading. Literature becomes a transaction between the reader and the text. The readers personal experience is used to evaluate the meaning of the work. Connection with the text differs the reader-response approach from other literary studies. Reader-response criticism requires the reader to discover the meaning of the text by considering their emotional response and personal experience while reading. This literary theory renders each text or novel open to multiple interpretations. The Textual Interpretation Here’s how to outline a literary analysis essay: Intro: The Hook Your thesis statement is the heart that beats life into the essay. Make it count. Incorporate the name of the author and the title of the text in your beginning paragraph. Body: Textual Evidence Textual evidence involves quoting phrases from the chosen text to justify your arguments. Since it is a form of evidence, citing should be followed with a page number at the end of the quoted phrase or statement. For example, if you are doing a critical reading of Haruki Murakamis Hear the Wind Sing, you might write: Murakami writes, At which point I had discovered that I had turned into a person incapable of expressing more than half of what he felt (72). As you read through the assigned text, there will be phrases or sentences that stir up responses in you. Have a pen and paper handy to record every response. Here are some questions to help you approach the short story or novel and present a paper supporting your thesis. How does the book affect you? Every form of literature is written with a reader or listener in mind. Ideally, it employs a tone capable of evoking emotions that may remind you of your past or propels you to the future. Does the text support your worldview? Cite a quotation in your essay to support your stance. Are any of your opinions strengthened or challenged? Write in detail (with quoted passages from the book to illustrate your point) why it moved you or failed to win you over. Does it tackle significant social issues? Give concrete examples from the book. Reflect upon how it portrays or addresses issues in society. Conclusion Go back to your thesis statement and summarize your critical analysis in one paragraph. You can also include your overall impression of the text and if you believe others will benefit from reading it. Remember that although this type of essay is centred on you as the reader, you are still writing a critical paper. Avoid using phrases like â€Å"in my opinion† and â€Å"I think.† Focus on the overall value of the work and back it up with textual evidence. The schedule of any student can get crowded and overwhelming. Get writing help from our professional team of experienced writers at .

Why smoking should be banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why smoking should be banned - Essay Example According to the American Lung Association (2014), cigarette smoking in the U.S. causes 393,000 deaths annually; also the cost associated with cigarette smoking is high for the government. According to the study by American Lung Association (2014), in 2004, cigarettes smoking costs were $193 billion. The healthcare costs associated with the use of cigarettes in 2004 was $96 billion, while lose of productivity due to cigarette smoking was approximately $97 billion. Additionally, the study shows that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. Smoking of cigarettes emits 7000 chemicals, and research shows that 69 of the chemicals cause lung cancer, which is responsible for close to 90% deaths from lung cancer. In addition, cigarette smoking is responsible for 20% to 30% of low birth weights in the U.S and is the cause of 10% of infant deaths and 14% pregnancy complications such as premature deliveries. The research shows that neonatal healthcare costs associated with cigarette smoking in the U.S. is approximately $366 million annually. The statistics above are attributed to sales of cigarettes in U.S. markets. This means that ban of cigarettes sales would reduce healthcare costs and deaths caused by diseases such as lung cancer. However, those opposing the prohibition of cigarettes sales argue that government revenue would reduce if the ban is imposed. They explain that federal states in the U.S. are already imposing high taxes on cigarettes. The U.S. average tax per a pack of cigarettes is $1.01, which is higher than any other products’ tax. The taxes are high for government and banning of cigarettes sales will be a disadvantage for government because they will not be able to get revenue (Heartland Institute n.d.). According to Hu and Mao (2001), cigarette smoking in China is high and is considered a health problem. However, the study also shows that China benefits from taxes levied on cigarettes sales and importation. For

Journal Of Course Readings Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journal Of Course Readings - Coursework Example Nevertheless its study is still of great importance in order to grasp the dynamics of the cognitive capacities of a human being. P.D. REYNOLDS A theory no matter how abstract it may be presented is still bound by reality, it can be a result of experiments, observations, or simply the product of insights on how something works or how it comes into existence. But ultimately these theories start with a simple idea. DAVID HUME To further delve into the concept of what actually is an idea and what gives birth to it, there is a need to understand its origins. In or daily existence we perceive a lot of things, which are consciously or unconsciously stored in our memory. Different perceptions stored in our minds in the form of memory or imagination mimic the sensations, perceived by the body’s five senses, in so far as representing the perception based on its characteristics. (e.g. how a body shivers whenever feeling cold) But can never fully copy the force of the actual perception fe lt by the body (Hume, 2008, p.7). Hence we often come across phrases such as â€Å"we can almost taste† what a certain food actually tastes like. Otherwise if no such limitation is placed, an individual would be able to transcend the need for physical contact or worse madness may set in. Feeling an emotion is different from thinking how that same emotion felt like. Thus it is worth noting that, of all the thoughts that an individual posses about different subjects that he or she had encountered, it is the vaguest of these thoughts that make a person’s ideas. If an individual does not have a clear perception in mind about a certain subject all the information pertaining to that subject will simply be impressions of the individual. Such impressions can be correct or incorrect, or based on the individuals innate nature or referenced from another impression. Thus we can also come across a phrase like, â€Å"I was under the impression† that this was how it was suppos ed to be done. KARL POPPER Due to an individual’s orientation and or nature one can develop ideas into theories, scientific or non scientific in nature, and through the criticism that these theories yields more objective knowledge as it opens the door to more questions and possibilities for its own improvement or paves the way for it to be debunked. Nonetheless the process of criticizing a theory rather than holding on to its proposed validity ensures that it is cleared of any biases, and false claims thus promoting objectivity even more. T. KUHN Furthermore if a theory can be criticized then it is not farfetched that a deviation from a long standing train of thought brought about by a theory is possible. A paradigm shift, or an event of deviation from a widely known belief founded to incur several anomalies. Hence, a shift is needed, once an established theory is proven to be unprecedented and sufficiently open-ended. Much like in conducting an experiment, in order to prove its validity, repetitive experiments are done to gain acceptance in the research community. There are different kinds of paradigm which can explain parts and parcel of different events. Such weakness prevents them to gain notable success. Paradigm shift is a radical idea in expounding and establishing new concepts that contributes to contemporary beliefs and making them more sophisticated and comprehensive theories.

Time Warp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time Warp - Essay Example I realized I was in a different dimension. I have traveled back in time. So I went on with my journey. I was hired at Handheld Corp. and was given a rather comprehensive task. I was asked to review Joe Schmoe’s financial report on handheld products sales. Analysis On the PDA simulator I had a final score of 1,185,800,553. I did better than Joe Schmoe by 20,890,196. I have observed that Joe’s strategy was a â€Å"lazy† implementation of marketing. If he took the time to analyze the performance of a product and what prices were appropriate to set, he would yield higher profits. I have made numerous attempts using a simulator to prove that my strategies worked better. I followed the advisor’s analysis and used it as my guide in pricing and allocation of R&D. One strategy I used for marketing handheld products is market segmentation. This is implemented by providing handheld products in different categories (X5, X6, and X7) to serve specific needs of target cu stomers and increasing market share. Even with the discontinuation of X5 handheld in 2009, it was a strategy to market better available products to attract buyers. Pricing strategy was also what I’ve used relative to R & D allocations to generate profits. For instance, X5 sales were starting to decline. In 2008, I did not drop the price significantly or I Time Warp 2 will lose a lot of money. I was able to keep customers who purchased the X5 handheld for $240. Then, I decided to discontinue the product the following year to avoid more losses. R&D allocations were a bit tricky. I used the advisor’s analysis to manipulate the allocations. For example, when X5 was discontinued in 2009, I kept the same prices for X6 and X7 as of 2008 in 2009 and increased their R&D allocations to 30% and 70% respectively. The tremendous increase in R&D had a positive impact on revenues. However, in 2008, I decided to distribute R&D of 25% equally to X5, X6, and X7 handheld products. When I tried to reduce X5 R&D to 10%, I had a higher loss. With 25% R&D I was able to avoid the loss of -9,870,920 and reduced it to a loss of -$6,176,598. If I didn’t adjust that 10% R&D, it would affect profits for 2009. I also based my analysis on the product performance and on what level they are in terms of sales. For instance, X7 handheld was in the ‘growth phase’ in 2006 with a profit of $3,199,108. The following year, I reduced its price to $200 and allocated a higher R&D of 25%. The result was phenomenal. I had a profit of $23,555,939. Maintaining the 25% R&D and price the following year, the profit for X7 was more than doubled. Here’s the breakdown of prices, R&D allocations, and profits for X5, X6, and X7: 2006    PRICE R & D allocation PROFITS X5 255 25% $105,374,127 X6 415 30% $164,680,477 X7 215 23% $3,199,108 TOTAL       $273,253,711  Time Warp 3 I increased the prices for all handheld products and decreased their R&D. As a result, advisor y said X7 handheld was in the growth phase and potential X7 customers were new customers. X7 handheld performance was holding steady while X6 was priced the same as other competing products. Although Joe gained a higher profit of $295,185,49 in 2006, it was only temporary. 2007    PRICE R & D PROFITS X5 245 25% $98,442,902 X6 415 30% $213,598,730 X7 200 25% $23,555,939 TOTAL       $335,100,583  Since X6 performance was better than that of competition, I decided to maintain the price and R&D and it paid off as I had a higher profit. However,

Effect of Gender Labels on Infants

Effect of Gender Labels on Infants INFANT PERCEIVED GENDER AND ADOLESCENTS’RATING Table of Contents (Jump to) INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW RECENT RESEARCHES METHOD PARTICIPANTS: DESIGN/LAYOUT: MATERIAL UTILIZED: PROCEDURE RESULTS DISCUSSION PART ONE: Psychological Observational Measure †¢ Name of the instrument/Scale/Measure/Inventory/Checklist: The research is available on the debate: Infant perceptions and adolescents’ ratings †¢ Behavior measured: Psychological research has been proposed. †¢ Author: †¢ Date of publication: 19.01.2014 †¢ Time of administration: 05:00 PM GST †¢ Population for which designed: Parents and minor children †¢ Method of Administration: Basic/ enlarged †¢ Source of Information: Website and journals/publications †¢ Number of items: INTRODUCTION, LITERATURE REVIEW, RECENT RESEARCHES, METHOD, PROCEDURE, RESULTS DISCUSSION. †¢ Permission required to use the measure: No †¢ If you need a permission-from whom: nil †¢ Source contact information (email): PART TWO: Research Proposal-Psychological Scale INTRODUCTION The term attachment is generally defined as an enduring affectional bond with a substantial intensity and durability. Dr. Bowlby in his research papers defines and describes attachment as a fundamental behavioral system which is substantially attached to predictable outcomes in keeping an individual in close proximity to one or a few significant others. (Dr.Bowlby, October 1994) Mc Clure Elin B in his psychological bulletin defines Infant perceived gender and adolescents ratings as a meta-analytic review in sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children and adolescents. Many researchers agree that gender role socialization begins and is adopted at a very early stage or infants birth. Most parents, at the time of birth of a child are interested in learning whether their newborn child is a boy or a girl and intentionally or not, this knowledge places with them a set of expectations about sex role appropriate traits. Empirical research suggests and marks carefully that these initial expectations, which form the very early and basis of gender schemas can have a significant effect on parents perceptions of and behaviour towards infants (McClure B, 2000). Gender statistics contributes a lot to adult, responsiveness towards the child and his own behaviour towards socializing and development of the childs sense of self. A self-fulfilling prophecy process is needed to attain a gender role socialization and a sex-typed behaviour and it is generally attained in connection with stereo-typed expectations(Darley and Fazio,1980).a prejudice and a preconceived gender based expectations process entitles the infant to ellicit an expected behaviour and further on reinforces this expected behaviour when it occurs and this is supposed to confirm parents initial expectations. (Bell Carver, 1980) LITERATURE REVIEW Recent researches have explored and demonstrated sex-typed labels and effect of infant gender on adults assignment and created adult sex-typed infants. These research have explored vast subject population and children of varying ages. Children as a primary source of information, parents in one study, were asked to rate and describe their new-borns shortly after their birth. Although the infants were not discriminated and differentiated on objective measures, girls were rated as smaller, more soft, more fine-featured and inattentive as compared to boys or male infants. Culp et al, found out that parents react differently to their unfamiliar infants due to preconceived sex assumptions and supported the notion(through other researches included) that parents react differently towards their male and female infants. This research suggests that parents are inclined to perceive traits in an infant, in consistency with gender labels. Also Fagot, suggests that parents of toddlers reacted differently towards girls and boys behavior. Parents reacted more positively to girls as compared to boys when toddlers played with dolls and reacted more critically towards girls as compared to boys when toddlers were engaged in motor activity. As a group these researches suggest that adult responses coincide with culturally and socially assigned sex-stereotypes and supposedly gender labels which are independent of actual infant gender differences. These studies suggest that how expectations and gender labels assigned to the infant affect both the reactions and behaviour o f the adults. (Culp, Cook, S., Housley, 1983) RECENT RESEARCH Although researches have examined sex stereo-typing of infants by adults, parents in particular, few researches have explored childrens or adolescents sex-typing of infants. Stern and Karrekar studied the sex-biased perceptions and presumptions of infants who were labeled as either male or female and concluded that adults perceptions are rarely influenced by basic knowledge of infants sex. However, research also suggests that young children rate infants in a sex-typed fashion much more frequently than adults. None of the studies included in the review examination examined sex-stereotyping of infants by older children or adolescents. One study suggests that how sex-specified perceptions of infants change during the early adolescent period ranging from high school to middle school (junior-aged)ages. A number of studies have examined adolescents sex-stereotyping of older individuals in addition to adolescents sex-stereotyped perceptions of infants. Many researchers examined that sex ste reotyping increases between ages of 3 and 14. Some studies have suggested curvilinear relationship between age and sex stereotyping relative among younger subjects and adolescents using sex stereotypes less than other children. However most of these studies suggest a rise in sex stereotyping from pre-school through middle childhood, then showing a plateau, and then a decline and a decrease in adolescence. (Fagot, 1978) The main purpose of this study includes a systemmatic examination of infants perceived gender on adolescents ratings towards the infants. However, some studies suggest that differences in the ratings of perceived male or a perceived female infant are a function of actual gender differentiation of the said observer, Older women particularly mothers, often give more positive ratings as compared to other subjects and girls tend to rate infants more beautiful as compared to boys do. Participants(subject population) is selected and attributed to represent adolescent age period(aged from 12 to 14 years )old. In consistency with Haugh et al and other studies being reviewed here, it is expected that the act of labeling infants with sex-typed first names will elicit responses among all other learned attributes associated with gender-category labels. Such genderization or gender category labels such as male or female will elicit a broad set of associated attributes. The prediction is that adolescents will use sex-related cues (i, e name of infant) to make evaluations about the infants given the minimal information about the infants. The second hypothesis states that, regardless to the name assigned to the infant, the males and females will perceive the infants in a different manner. (Condry Condry, 1976) METHOD PARTICIPANTS: Thirty six junior high students(aged 12 to 14 years) attending a public school in west Covinia, California are used as participants. The students are part of leadership class and the said school is located in a predominantly middle-lower class section of the society. The informed consent is being taken by parents or legal guardians of the junior high students and incentive is being given so that the students are persuaded to give their informed consent papers duly signed by the parents or the legal guardian. DESIGN/LAYOUT: The part of the study may be considered as a 2(gender specification of the adolescent)times 3(multiplied by 3) infant name condition between -subject factorials design because there are two independent variables. The gender of the adolescents have the two decidedly levels, â€Å"male or a female. However, the infant name condition has three levels i,e,Laurie, Larry and the control condition.The dependant measures includes adolescents ratings of the infants through six bipolar adjectives. MATERIAL UTILIZED: A color image or a photograph of a 3-year old infant is used for the above mentioned assumptions or conditions.The image of the infant is photo copied on 21.6x 27.9 cm paper.Several se-typed bipolar adjectives are being attached with the photograph. The first name of the infant changes changes in each condition. In one condition the infant will be assigned a gender-typed version of his first name Larry and in the control condition the name this infant will be used in place of his first name. PROCEDURE The procedure is very easy. Students will be tested in groups in three consecutive days. The parents or guardians are being informed the purpose of the study that how infants traits can be detected from their physical appearance. Twelve adolescents from the leadership class are assigned to each of the three gender-typed name conditions. Each group is tested on a separate given day. On each day the students are being told the importance of not telling other potential subjects the details of the underlying study and they are also told that they will be informed by the result and purpose of the study as soon as the research is compiled and completed. All students will be tested in the same classroom given the study carrels to block their views from one another. No distortion to be made. The instructions are given to each group of students in a loud and neutral tone. The students are being told that there are no wrong or right answers, however, the answers depend on their personal opinion. All questions be answered before the students start rating the answers. When the students are finished with their work, they are thanked for completing the contributing towards the research. RESULTS The six-bipolar adjectives will be rated by the adolescents in each condition of the independent variables.The result ranges from the values of 1-5.where 1 stands or means firm and 5 means soft.Scores on each of the bipolar adjective is analyzed.The maen and standard deviation of each condition of the independent variable is taken.The inferential statistics are performed in a two-way procedures between subjects ANOVA and Turkeys HSD are used to signify the groups differently. DISCUSSION The results will be restated in the light of above hypothesis. The results will be predicted and the generality of sex-stereotyped perceptions of infants are extended to the subject population of the adolescents. Results related to previous research and assessments with theoretical aspects of the introduction section will also be discussed. Limitations of the current research are being specified. One limitation is that we used one photograph of one particular infant more photographs of infants of various ages can be used in future research and evaluations. Finally the results and importance will be summarized. Bibliography Bell, N. J., Carver, W. (1980). A reevaluation of gender label effects: Expectant mothers’ responses to infants. Child Development. Bowlby, D. (October 1994). Adolescents perceptions of their attachment relationships with their mothers, fathers, and friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Condry, J., Condry, S. (1976). Sex differences: A study of the eye of the beholder. Child Development. Culp, R. E., Cook, S., A., Housley, P. C. (1983). Sex Roles,. Fagot, B. I. (1978). The influences of sex of child on parental reactions to toddler children. Child development. McClure, B, E. (2000, May ). American Psycological Association. Retrieved from www.psycnet.apa.org: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bul/126/3/424/